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But although the movie didnt offer us a full. Talks a good game about freedom when out of power, but once hes in bam Everyones enslaved in the humanflourishing mines. Pope Alexander VI Wikipedia. Pope Alexander VI, born Rodrigo de Borja Valencian Roderic Llanol i de Borjaroei ans i e da, Spanish Rodrigo Lanzol y de Borjaroio lanol i e orxa 1 January 1. August 1. 50. 3, was Pope from 1. August 1. 49. 2 until his death. He is one of the most controversial of the Renaissance popes, partly because he acknowledged fathering several children by his mistresses. Therefore his Italianized Valencian surname, Borgia, became a byword for libertinism and nepotism, which are traditionally considered as characterizing his pontificate. Two of Alexanders successors, the controversial pontiffs Sixtus V and Urban VIII, described him as one of the most outstanding popes since Saint Peter. Birth and familyeditRodrigo de Borja was born on 1 January 1. Xativa near Valencia, one of the component realms of the Crown of Aragon, in what is now Spain. His parents were Jofr Llanol i Escriv died bef. March 1. 43. 7, and his Aragonese wife and distant cousin Isabel de Borja y Cavanilles died 1. October 1. 46. 8. His family name is written Llanol in Valencian and Lanzol in Castillian Spanish. Rodrigo adopted his mothers family name of Borja in 1. Alonso de Borja Italianized to Alfonso Borgia as Calixtus III. Alternatively, it has been argued that Rodrigos father was Jofr de Borja y Escriv, making Rodrigo a Borja from his mother and fathers side. However, his children were known to be of Llanol paternal lineage. Some revisionists suggest that the confusion is attributed by attempts to connect Rodrigo as the father of Giovanni Juan, Cesare, Lucrezia and Gioffre Jofr in Valencian, who were surnamed Llanol i Borja. EducationeditRodrigo Borgia studied law at Bologna where he graduated, not simply as Doctor of Law, but as the most eminent and judicious jurisprudent. After the election of his uncle as Pope Callixtus III, he was ordained deacon and created Cardinal Deacon of San Nicola in Carcere at the age of twenty five in 1. Pope Alexander VI, born Rodrigo de Borja Valencian Roderic Llanol i de Borja roei ans i e da, Spanish Rodrigo Lanzol y de Borja. Free bad day papers, essays, and research papers. Alexanders day begins with gum stuck in his hair, followed by more calamities. However, he finds little sympathy from his family and begins to wonder if bad things. Watch Galaxy Quest Online Facebook on this page. E Entertainment Television, LLC. A Division of NBCUniversal with news, shows, photos, and videos. The following year, he was appointed vice chancellor of the Holy Roman Church. Both nepotistic appointments were characteristic of the age. Each pope during this period inevitably found himself surrounded by the servants and retainers of his predecessors who often owed their loyalty to the family of the pontiff who had appointed them. In 1. Cardinal Bishop of Albano. Having served in the Roman Curia under five popes his uncle Calixtus III, Pius II, Paul II, Sixtus IV and Innocent VIII Rodrigo Borgia acquired considerable administrative experience, influence and wealth. Appearance and personalityeditContemporary accounts suggest that Rodrigo was handsome, with a very cheerful countenance and genial bearing. He was gifted with the quality of being a smooth talker and of choice eloquence. Beautiful women were attracted to him and excited by him in quite a remarkable way, more strongly than how iron is drawn to a magnet. Rodrigo Borgia was also an intelligent man with an appreciation for the arts and sciences and an immense amount of respect for the Church. He was capable and cautious, considered a political priest by some. He was a gifted speaker and great at conversation. Additionally, he was so familiar with Holy Writ, that his speeches were fairly sparkling with well chosen texts of the Sacred Books. Note 21. Note 3. Plaque outside the Archbishops Palace, Valencia. Sword Art Online 2 Episode 13 English Dubbed. Archbishop of ValenciaeditWhen his uncle Alonso de Borja bishop of Valencia was elected Pope Callixtus III, he inherited the post of bishop of Valencia. Sixteen days before the death of Pope Innocent VIII, he proposed Valencia as a metropolitansee and became the first archbishop of Valencia. When Rodrigo de Borgia was elected pope as Alexander VI following the death of Innocent VIII, it was the turn of his son Cesare Borgia to inherit the post as second archbishop of Valencia. The third and the fourth archbishops of Valencia were Juan de Borja and Pedro Luis de Borja, grand nephews of Alexander VI. Translation of the plaque on the side of the Archbishops Palace of Valencia ALEXANDER VIThe 9th July 1. Pope Innocent VIII, at the request of Cardinal Borja and the Catholic Monarchs, raised the Valencian See to the rank of metropolitan, making Rodrigo of Borja the first Archbishop of Valencia. Mistresses and familyeditOf Alexanders many mistresses the one for whom passion lasted longest was Vannozza Giovanna dei Cattanei, born in 1. The connection began in 1. Cesare born 1. 47. Giovanni, afterwards duke of Gandia commonly known as Juan, born 1. Lucrezia born 1. Gioffre Goffredo in Italian, born 1. For a period of time, before legitimizing his children after becoming Pope, Rodrigo pretended that his four children with Vannozza were his niece and nephews and that they were fathered by Vannozzas husbands. Before his elevation to the papacy, Cardinal Borgias passion for Vannozza somewhat diminished, and she subsequently led a very retired life. Her place in his affections was filled, according to some, by the beautiful Giulia Farnese Giulia la Bella, wife of an Orsini. However, he still very dearly loved Vannozza, in a way he considered spiritual, and his love for his children by Vannozza remained as strong as ever and proved, indeed, the determining factor of his whole career. He lavished vast sums on them and lauded them with every honor. Vannozza lived in the Palace of a late Cardinal, or in a large, palatial villa. The children lived between their mothers home and the Papal Palace itself. The atmosphere of Alexanders household is typified by the fact that his daughter Lucrezia apparently lived with Giulia at a point. Four other children, Girolama, Isabella, Pedro Luiz, and Bernardo, were of uncertain maternal parentage. His daughter Isabella was the great great grandmother of Pope Innocent X, who was therefore descended in a direct line from Alexander. A daughter, Laura, was born to his mistress, Giulia Farnese paternity was officially attributed to Orsino Orsini Farneses husband. He is an ancestor of virtually all royal houses of Europe, mainly the southern and western ones, for being the ancestor of Dona. Luisa de Guzmn, wife of King John IV of Portugal, of the House of Braganza. ElectioneditCoat of Arms of Alexander VI Castel SantAngelo, Rome. There was change in the constitution of the College of Cardinals during the course of the fifteenth century especially under Sixtus IV and Innocent VIII. Of the twenty seven cardinals alive in the closing months of the reign of Innocent VIII no fewer than ten were Cardinal nephews, eight were crown nominees, four were Roman nobles and one other had been given the cardinalate in recompense for his familys service to the Holy See only four were able career churchmen. On the death of Pope Innocent VIII on 2. July 1. 49. 2, the three likely candidates for the Papacy were the sixty one year old Borgia,8 seen as an independent candidate, Ascanio Sforza for the Milanese, and Giuliano della Rovere seen as a pro French candidate. It was rumoured but not substantiated that Borgia succeeded in buying the largest number of votes and Sforza, in particular, was bribed with four mule loads of silver. Mallett shows that Borgia was in the lead from the start and that the rumours of bribery began after the election with the distribution of benefices Sforza and della Rovere were just as willing and able to bribe as anyone else. The benefices and offices granted to Sforza, moreover, would be worth considerably more than four mule loads of silver. Johann Burchard, the conclaves master of ceremonies and a leading figure of the papal household under several popes, recorded in his diary that the 1. Della Rovere was bankrolled to the cost of 2. King Charles VIII of France, with another 1. Republic of Genoa. Borgia was elected on 1.